¶ … structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project -- the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment -- work together to try to address the central research. Creating an effective research design is likely to be one of the most difficult and eminently useful tasks in drafting a proposal. An effective research design links abstract and stylized concepts and questions with the empirical world's complexities and challenges. A research design must at once be specific and highly flexible. It must be expansive enough to adapt these very complexities while still pointing you towards relevant data. The methods you use should be extensions of your substantive question and epistemological orientation. Contrary to some disciplinarians' claims, there is no single research model that one can or should follow. Numerous alternatives must always be considered and choices made.

By the time you get to the analysis of your data, most of the really difficult work has been done. It's much more difficult to: define the research problem; develop and implement a sampling plan; conceptualize, operationalize and test your measures; and develop a design structure. If you have done this work well, the analysis of the data is usually a fairly straightforward affair

The data analysis...

There are some essentials for a good researcher they are as listed below:
Researchers should separate fact from opinion

Researchers must be objective.

Researchers should not be syndicators. And vice-versa.

Researchers should not be "format advocates."

Researchers should not work for competitors.

Research practices and the structural organization of the research enterprise are evolving in response to intellectual and social challenges and financial pressures. Forces that are internal and external to the research community are shaping the nature of research.

The exponential growth of knowledge is one challenge facing researchers. The number of researchers, disciplines, professional societies and publications has mushroomed and continues to do so. Individual researchers must monitor a vast number of research results and activities…